Putin is the primary decision-maker on the use of Russia's nuclear arsenal. The doctrine said any attack by a non-nuclear power supported by a nuclear power would be considered a joint attack, and that any attack by one member of a military bloc would be considered an attack by the entire alliance, it said.

Russia launched an intercontinental ballistic missile from its southern Astrakhan region during a morning attack on Ukraine, Kyiv's air force said, the first time Russia has used such a powerful, long-range missile during the war.