Petroleum engineering could engage numerous challenges caused by sulfate mineral precipitation and deposition. This severe critical issue which could directly lead to production reduction, was ...

Scale inflicts water injection restrictions primarily under conditions of incompatible waters. 1-6 Typical examples include sea water with a high concentration of sulfate ion, and formation waters ...

Calcium sulfate has three crystalline phases with various hydration levels 1: CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O (gypsum), CaSO 4 ·0.5H 2 O (bassanite) and CaSO 4 (anhydrite). Large natural (often evaporitic) deposits of ...