Rwanda and Turkmenistan, a country in Central Asia bordered by the Caspian Sea and largely covered by the Karakum Desert, on Monday, July 14 announced the formal establishment of diplomatic relations, ...

Damming, over-extraction, pollution and, increasingly, the human-caused climate crisis are driving the decline of the Caspian Sea. Some experts fear it’s being pushed to the point of no return.

However, if global temperatures rise over 2 degrees Celsius, the sea could drop nearly 70 feet by 2100, according to the study. The Caspian Sea covers an area of 143,200 square miles, if action is not ...

Kozybakov did not like it. It was salty and “smelled like the sea”, said Kozybakov, an ecologist, now 51. He grew up in Aktau, a city in western Kazakhstan on the shores of the Caspian Sea.

Russia has not confirmed its use of the Caspian for attacks on Ukraine, but it was not always so coy. In October 2015, official media quoted then-Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu as saying that the ...