Sometimes, the parts list says it all. 777 transistors, 1223 resistors, 136 LEDs, 455 crimp connectors, 41 protoboards and 500 grams of solder. That’s what went into this transistor logic clock build.

Using digital logic gates such as AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR and other related logic functions is often the foundation for defining the relationship between electrical signals and how they ...