When designing metal parts, it's important to specify their hardness. However, many engineers have only a shaky understanding of what hardness actually is, or how it's measured. There are good reasons ...

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Hardness Testing is applied to a great number of materials, and for over 250 years, it has been an invaluable and frequently used mechanical test. A variety of hardness tests can be used to establish ...

While hardness testing does not provide a direct assessment of product or raw material performance qualities, hardness correlates directly to qualities like strength and wear resistance. Hardness ...

Scientific American is part of Springer Nature, which owns or has commercial relations with thousands of scientific publications (many of them can be found at www ...