Modulation is the act of translating some low-frequency or baseband signal (voice, music, and data) to a higher frequency. Why do we modulate signals? There are at least two reasons: to allow the ...

Index modulation (IM) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems represents a transformative approach in modern communications. This technique utilises the indices of active ...

The key parameters of the FSS technique and their impact on EMI performance. How to evaluate FSS performance using simulation, ICs, and a signal generator. Frequency spread spectrum (FSS) is a ...

For high-speed and large-capacity optical communication applications and improvement of accuracy in microwave generation and evaluation equipment Results: NTT and their partners have developed a ...

This study demonstrates a compact optical modulation platform that enables real-time, high-resolution spectroscopy using sub-MHz interleaved combs generated via chip-scale acousto-optic phase ...