Description: Multivariate calculus; partial differentiation; implicit function theorems and transformations; line and surface integrals; vector fields; theorems of Gauss, Green, and Stokes. Credit ...

Back in 1948, the journal Physical Review published a paper entitled “Space-Time Approach to Quantum Electrodynamics” by a young physicist named R.P. Feynman at Cornell University. The paper described ...

Calculus of variations establishes a framework to determine the extrema of functionals—mappings from functions to real numbers—which has been pivotal in elucidating natural principles such as the ...