Say we consider a beam made up of thin layers (laminae) aligned with the longitudinal axis of the beam, and for which the laminae can slide with respect to each other along the longitudinal axis as ...

A beam transformed: Optical transforms like tight focussing and total internal reflection, which gives rise to an evanescent field, can lead to out-of-plane polarization components and transverse spin ...

A new technique that combines electron microscopy and laser technology enables programmable, arbitrary shaping of electron beams. It can potentially be used for optimizing electron optics and for ...

The transverse load P will produce a shear force V in the positive y direction on a mathematical cut through the beam at point “a”. This shear force is directly responsible for the shear stress τ on ...