Life is full of logical arguments. Lawyers love to pick apart arguments to see how they work, the way engineers deconstruct machines and football coaches analyze plays. Logical arguments are ...

Justification logic extends traditional modal frameworks by introducing explicit representations of evidential support, thereby refining our understanding of epistemic reasoning. In contrast to ...

Dynamic logic offers a formal framework to reason about actions, transitions and the evolution of systems over time. It extends classical modal logic by incorporating operators that capture state ...

We have had a "data fetish" with artificial intelligence (AI) for over 20 years—so long that many have forgotten our AI history. Our saturated mindset states that all AI must start with data, yet back ...

As AI models evolve beyond mere fact recall, a new generation of reasoning models, such as OpenAI’s o1 and o3-mini, and DeepSeek-R1, is redefining how machines think. Unlike traditional knowledge ...

For a while now, companies like OpenAI and Google have been touting advanced “reasoning” capabilities as the next big step in their latest artificial intelligence models. Now, though, a new study from ...