Scientists reviewing 85 million years of fish fossil records say that the basic structure of the ocean ecosystem – the ratio of fish compared to elasmobranchs such as sharks, skates, and rays – has ...

Scientists reviewing 85 million years of fish fossil records say that the basic structure of the ocean ecosystem – the ratio of bony fish compared to elasmobranchs such as sharks, skates, and rays – ...

As the world faces ever more complex and demanding environmental and social challenges, the need for interdisciplinary models and practical guidance becomes acute, according to the authors. “The Human ...

Linking the structure of communities to ecosystem functioning has been a perennial challenge in ecology. Studies on ecosystem function are traditionally focused on changes in species composition.

Unfortunately, this book can't be printed from the OpenBook. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a PDF. Visit NAP.edu/10766 to get more information about this ...

Grassland Ecosystem: Grasslands are the areas that are dominated by a nearly continuous cover of grasses. It is one of the most widespread of all major vegetation in the world. They occupy about 20% ...