A third autotrophic pathway (Wood–Ljungdahl pathway) uses a reductive acetyl-CoA pathway and is only found in strictly anaerobic bacteria and archaea. A fourth pathway uses the 3 ...

or CO 2 to acetate via a unique metabolic pathway in which acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is an intermediate. However, even for acetogens, CO retards growth, so their tolerance to it needs to be ...