The research team studied joint structure and development across several key animal groups. They analyzed little skates and bamboo sharks (cartilaginous fish), sea lampreys and hagfish (jawless ...

CHICAGO — Every time you bend your knee, rotate your shoulder, or nod your head, you’re using a remarkable piece of biological engineering called a synovial joint. These specialized connections ...

Analysis revealed cavitated joints in the cartilaginous fish, but not in lampreys. Additionally, the cartilaginous fish exhibited certain proteins and developmental processes that are shared with ...

Analysis revealed cavitated joints in the cartilaginous fish, but not in lampreys. Additionally, the cartilaginous fish exhibited certain proteins and developmental processes that are shared with ...

In this study, Sharma and colleagues examined the anatomy and development of joints in members of two early-branching vertebrate lineages: one species of jawless fish, sea lampreys, and two species of ...

Uncovertebral hypertrophy is swelling or enlargement of the uncovertebral joints. These are joints in the neck that stabilize and allow for movement. Symptoms often include stiffness and pain.

For this reason, the model complexity is drastically reduced by assuming three degrees of freedom spherical joints and generic kinematic coupling constraints. Moreover, the majority of current ID ...