A new study out in the journal Nature Communications Earth & Environment finds that wildfires fueled by climate change are linked to as many as thousands of annual deaths and billions of dollars in economic burden.

The paper is consistent with past studies examining fine particulate deaths related to wildfires — one such study in 2024 suggested that 16,000 deaths occur every year in the U.S. due to wildfire smoke inhalation, though that study didn’t specify which fatalities happened specifically due to the climate crisis.