In physical oceanography, Langmuir circulation consists of a series of shallow, slow, counter-rotating vortices at the ocean's surface aligned with the wind. These circulations are developed when wind …

Underneath these strong winds, water flows in a series of parallel corkscrew patterns called Langmuir cells (Figure 9.7.1 top). Each of the cells may be several meters wide and several meters deep, and …

Langmuir circulation (LC) refers to a powerful mechanism of vertical mixing in natural bodies of water, driven by wind and waves, which plays a crucial role in establishing the mixed layer and pycnocline …

Langmuir first noticed the streaks during a trip across the Atlantic. About 600 miles off the coast of New York, he observed long rows of seaweed all oriented in the same direction as the wind.

“Langmuir circulation” (Lc) is now the name commonly given to the class of motions that Langmuir was the first to investigate. It is sometimes referred to by the plural title, “Langmuir circulations.”

Langmuir circulations form, aligned within a few degrees of the wind direction, within a few minutes of onset of a wind of 3 m s - I or faster.

It is now regarded as one of the several turbulent processes driven by wind and waves in the upper layers of large bodies of water, influential in producing and maintaining the uniform surface mixed …